Lifetime performance degradation of an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer under dynamic operation in a photovoltaic-powered nanogrid environment

This study presents a high resolution dynamic model of an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer unit integrated into a photovoltaic-powered nanogrid, with a focus on long-term performance and degradation under realistic operating conditions. The purpose is to assess the viability of anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cell technology for decentralized green hydrogen production where fluctuating renewable energy inputs impose frequent load variations. The model incorporates electrochemical behavior, thermodynamic principles, and degradation mechanisms across distinct operational modes including startup, shutdown, and load changes. It is used to simulate full-year operation at 15-min intervals and validated against experimental data. Results show that the electrolyzer unit achieves a design-point efficiency of 73.7%. Under near-term technology assumptions, the modeled unit produces 208 kg of hydrogen over its lifetime, with average and end-of-life efficiencies of 78.7% and 61.5%, respectively. Degradation significantly impacts system longevity and energy conversion performance, emphasizing the need for improved material durability. The study demonstrates the suitability of anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cell technology for integration in renewable-powered nanogrids introducing a novel, scenario-based degradation framework. These findings offer new insights into lifetime performance and support the advancement of next-generation electrolysis technologies for decentralized hydrogen production.