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Three-dimensional wake turbulence dynamics in staggered axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine arrays

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  • Chen, Cuixia
  • Chen, Yaling

Abstract

Axial-flow turbines are commonly deployed in arrays to harness tidal and riverine energy; however, turbine-turbine interactions, particularly through upstream wakes, substantially modify flow dynamics, reducing power efficiency and increasing structural fatigue. This study investigates the role of shear-induced turbulence in wake destabilization and mixing through laboratory experiments using porous discs arranged in a four-row staggered configuration. Three-dimensional velocity measurements obtained using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter resolve the spatial structure and downstream evolution of turbulence within the array. Results show that turbulence is non-uniformly amplified within shear boundary layers surrounding wake cores, with vertical turbulence intensity reaching up to 30%, exceeding both streamwise and transverse components. This amplification is primarily driven by strong vertical blockage and asymmetric channel boundary effects. Turbulence generated in the shear layers propagates inward, progressively saturating the wake region. Upstream wake shielding significantly accelerates this process, with full wake coverage occurring at approximately 3 rotor diameters downstream of the first row and as early as 2 diameters for subsequent rows. These findings provide new physical insight into array-scale wake turbulence dynamics and offer high-resolution experimental data to support the refinement and validation of turbulence models for hydrokinetic turbine array design.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Cuixia & Chen, Yaling, 2026. "Three-dimensional wake turbulence dynamics in staggered axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:264:y:2026:i:c:s0960148126004271
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125602
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