Energy optimization and efficacy study of a portable photovoltaic-hydrogen coupled atomization system for sports rehabilitation

Rapid recovery from exercise-induced fatigue remains a critical challenge in sports rehabilitation. A portable photovoltaic-hydrogen coupled atomization system (PHCAS) was developed to utilize solar energy for autonomous hydrogen production and atomized delivery, which provides a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for post-exercise fatigue alleviation. The system integrates photovoltaics, electrolysis, and atomization in a three-stage framework, which achieves complete solar-to-hydrogen-to-spray energy conversion with optimized dynamic energy transfer. Key operational parameters, such as electrolyzer power, underwent collaborative optimization through a systemic approach that significantly improved energy utilization efficiency. Adaptively designed for leisure, fitness, and sports scenarios, the system demonstrated energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits through energy and carbon footprint assessments. The results indicate that the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system reaches 22.07 %. An effective supply of hydrogen-rich water is achieved, with subjective fatigue significantly reduced by 12 %. Differentiated energy consumption and carbon emission profiles are observed across multiple scenarios. Higher energy efficiency is demonstrated in fitness centers and event scenarios. Furthermore, it demonstrated distinct scenario-specific energy use and carbon emission profiles, with higher energy efficiency observed in environments such as fitness centers and sports venues. This study validates PHCAS potential in sports rehabilitation and establishes a technical foundation for application.