High-efficiency hybrid MPPT technique with integrated partial shading detection for photovoltaic systems under varying shading conditions

This paper proposes a hybrid maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems, combining the dichotomy method with the Weighted Superposition Attraction algorithm. Weighted Superposition Attraction uses the superposition principle and an attraction-repulsion mechanism to perform global optimization under complex conditions. Under uniform shading conditions, where a single global maximum power point exists, the dichotomy algorithm efficiently converges to the optimum via a stepwise search. A delta-coefficient-based shading-detection method is introduced that requires no PV panel parameters. If the delta threshold exceeds 2, the system is classified as a uniform shading condition, and the dichotomy method is applied; otherwise, partial shading conditions are detected, and Weighted Superposition Attraction is used. Experiments with a boost converter show high dynamic performance and stability, achieving average tracking efficiencies of 99.63 % for dichotomy and 99.76 % for Weighted Superposition Attraction with convergence times of 0.51 s and 0.53 s, respectively. The hybrid algorithm reliably locates the global maximum power point under rapid irradiance changes and closely spaced local maximums.