Coordinated scheduling strategy for coastal industrial park microgrids and distribution network with water-cycling-based green hydrogen system

With the ongoing global energy transition, hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a key vector for building a clean and low-carbon energy system. However, the development of hydrogen energy in urban energy systems still face critical challenges, including water scarcity and insufficient integration into local energy system. To address these challenges, this study proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy for coastal industrial park microgrids (CIPM) and the distribution network (DN), incorporating water-cycling-based green hydrogen production system. First, a closed-loop green hydrogen production system is developed for CIPM, integrating reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, water electrolyzer, and fuel cell, while accounting for the dynamic efficiency of desalination. Second, a multi-energy synergistic operation mechanism is further established among water, hydrogen, electricity, and heat flows within the microgrid. At the urban level, a collaborative optimization framework is built, enabling energy exchange among multiple microgrids coordinated by the DN. Finally, a hybrid solution algorithm is designed by combining generalized Bregman Alternating Direction Method of Multiplier (ADMM) with a progressive binary relaxation strategy. Simulation results verify that the proposed approach significantly reduces dependency on external freshwater resources and provides practical insights into the sustainable development of hydrogen-integrated urban energy systems.