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Surface driven n-to-p transition unlocks efficient charge extraction in carbon-based CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Siyuan
  • Li, Ying
  • Huang, Jincheng
  • Cui, Qi
  • Wang, Zixian
  • Chang, Di
  • Peng, Zhuoyin
  • Li, Guijun
  • Li, Shimin
  • Chen, Jianlin

Abstract

Inefficient hole extraction and high surface defect density remain critical challenges in all-inorganic, hole-transport-layer-free carbon-electroded perovskite solar cells. Conventional passivation strategies primarily address surface defects but yield limited improvement in charge extraction. Herein, carbazole-phosphonic acid molecules (2PACz) are employed to modify the CsPbI2Br surface and interface. The incorporation induces a Fermi level shift of CsPbI2Br film toward the mid-gap, triggering an n-to-p type transition that facilitates hole transport. Concurrently, the 2PACz molecules bind strongly to uncoordinated Pb2+, effectively passivating halogen vacancies and suppressing non-radiative recombination. These synergistic effects enable the fabrication of high-performance C-PSCs under ambient conditions, resulting in a notable enhancement in power conversion efficiency from 11.21 % to 14.30 %. Furthermore, unencapsulated optimized devices retain 85 % of it initial efficiency after 1200 h of storage in air, demonstrating significantly enhanced long-term environmental stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Siyuan & Li, Ying & Huang, Jincheng & Cui, Qi & Wang, Zixian & Chang, Di & Peng, Zhuoyin & Li, Guijun & Li, Shimin & Chen, Jianlin, 2026. "Surface driven n-to-p transition unlocks efficient charge extraction in carbon-based CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:257:y:2026:i:c:s0960148125024358
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124771
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