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Multiphysics insights into CsPbI3 perovskite photovoltaics under proton irradiation

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  • Mohammed, Mustafa K.A.
  • Al-Azraq, Bassam T.
  • Al-Mousoi, Ali K.
  • Salih, Ethar Yahya
  • Rajiv, Asha
  • Sahu, Badri Narayan
  • Rahman, Md Ferdous
  • Akman, Erdi

Abstract

We explore the dynamic interaction between proton beams and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), investigating their radiation resistance for space applications. The study starts with the fitting of SCAPS-1D simulation data against experimentally fabricated CsPbI3-based PSCs under AM1.5 light. We systematically optimized the PSC structure by varying the CsPbI3 film's thickness, bandgap, bulk defect concentration, and operating temperature. These optimizations led to an improved efficiency from 18.21 % to 19.69 % under AM0 space illumination. Furthermore, complementary SRIM/TRIM calculations demonstrate that low-energy protons (0.05–0.1 MeV) are extensively confined within the perovskite. Such confinement the likelihood of trap-assisted recombination and reduces charge extraction efficiency. Higher-energy protons (0.5–1 MeV) proceed further into the PSC stack and deliver less damage to the perovskite but have potential long-term effects on interfaces. Using TALYS 2.0 software, we demonstrate that many stable and radioactive nuclides were created from this irradiation, but the level of activity was minimal and poses negligible effect. This integrated multiphysics framework offers a reliable methodology for designing radiation-tolerant PSCs, supporting their deployment in space-based photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed, Mustafa K.A. & Al-Azraq, Bassam T. & Al-Mousoi, Ali K. & Salih, Ethar Yahya & Rajiv, Asha & Sahu, Badri Narayan & Rahman, Md Ferdous & Akman, Erdi, 2026. "Multiphysics insights into CsPbI3 perovskite photovoltaics under proton irradiation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PH).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:ph:s0960148125022359
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124571
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    1. Ahmad R. Kirmani & Todd A. Byers & Zhenyi Ni & Kaitlyn VanSant & Darshpreet K. Saini & Rebecca Scheidt & Xiaopeng Zheng & Tatchen Buh Kum & Ian R. Sellers & Lyndsey McMillon-Brown & Jinsong Huang & Bi, 2024. "Unraveling radiation damage and healing mechanisms in halide perovskites using energy-tuned dual irradiation dosing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Ahmad R. Kirmani & David P. Ostrowski & Kaitlyn T. VanSant & Todd A. Byers & Rosemary C. Bramante & Karen N. Heinselman & Jinhui Tong & Bart Stevens & William Nemeth & Kai Zhu & Ian R. Sellers & Bibhu, 2023. "Metal oxide barrier layers for terrestrial and space perovskite photovoltaics," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 8(2), pages 191-202, February.
    3. Md Aslam Uddin & Prem Jyoti Singh Rana & Zhenyi Ni & Guang Yang & Mingze Li & Mengru Wang & Hangyu Gu & Hengkai Zhang & Benjia Dak Dou & Jinsong Huang, 2024. "Iodide manipulation using zinc additives for efficient perovskite solar minimodules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
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