Development of a solar radiation model for quantifying spectral transmittance and loss rates of nanofluid-based glass devices

The lack of a unified transmission model to optimize the optical properties of nanofluids in different glass substrates represents a critical challenge hindering the widespread application of nanofluid-based glass devices. This study proposes a theoretical model to comprehensively evaluate the modulation performance of nanofluids within glass substrates based on the spectral characteristics of solar radiation across different wavelengths. First, transmission and loss rate models were developed for ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands based on the transmitted solar radiation spectrum. Second, regression analysis is employed to quantify the effects of glass material and nanofluid mass concentration on transmission and loss rates, constructing a performance differentiation model. Finally, combining the standard solar radiation spectrum and Mie scattering theory, the nanofluid-controlled solar radiation (NFSR) model was further developed. This model incorporates correction effects for particle size and nanofluid material properties, introducing an application correction factor to accurately describe the influence of absorption and reflection on radiation intensity across different bands. NFSR model quantitatively evaluates the transmission and loss characteristics of various nanofluids in diverse glass substrates, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing the application of nanofluid-based glass devices in solar energy utilization.