Electricity–carbon dual response for energy-intensive enterprise: A co-optimization approach

Renewable energy is regarded by energy-intensive enterprises as a critical measure to reduce both carbon emissions and costs. However, integrating renewable energy introduces a new challenge: how to strike a balance between reducing carbon emission, controlling operating cost, and addressing market cost. This study proposes a co-optimization approach to achieve electricity–carbon dual response to emissions and operating-market costs. First, a pre-scheduling and adjustment two-stage distributionally robust optimization model based on the Wasserstein set is proposed to address renewable energy uncertainty. Second, an equivalence mechanism between carbon quotas and green electricity certificates is introduced to optimize market cost, while a node-specific time and spatial low-carbon demand response is implemented to reduce carbon emissions. Furthermore, an electricity–carbon dual response collaborative strategy is proposed to balance the optimization of costs and emissions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a dual reduction in operating-market costs (4.66%) and emissions (7.10%), while ensuring the reliability of scheduling plans under full renewable energy utilization.