IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v251y2025ics0960148125009188.html

Dynamic dependence and network analysis between renewable energy tokens, sustainability-driven investments and equity markets: Implications for portfolio management

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad, Sagheer
  • Huang, Xiaoxia

Abstract

As global markets transition toward a climate-resilient economy, policymakers, regulators, and investors are increasingly focusing on clean and renewable investment avenues. This study examines the time-varying interconnectedness and portfolio management between renewable energy tokens, sustainability-driven investments, and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock market indices using a set of methodologies namely, DY spillover index, quantile vector autoregression, and TVP-VAR frameworks. The results reveal that interconnectedness among these assets intensifies significantly under extreme market conditions, with spillover effects becoming more pronounced during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. Network analysis indicates that GCC stock indices primarily act as shock transmitters in bearish markets, while renewable energy tokens serve as net shock receivers in bullish conditions. Sustainable investments, particularly the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), consistently transmit shocks, whereas the S&P Green Bond Index (SPGBI) remains a stable shock absorber across all market environments. Uncertainty indices, OVX and VIX, exhibit dynamic roles depending on market fluctuations. Additionally, portfolio analysis highlights the diversification potential of renewable energy tokens during health crises and the resilience of sustainable investments during geopolitical tensions. The findings offer valuable insights for investors and portfolio managers on asset allocation, hedging strategies, and risk management in sustainable financial markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad, Sagheer & Huang, Xiaoxia, 2025. "Dynamic dependence and network analysis between renewable energy tokens, sustainability-driven investments and equity markets: Implications for portfolio management," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:251:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125009188
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123256
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125009188
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123256?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rizvi, Syed Kumail Abbas & Naqvi, Bushra & Mirza, Nawazish & Umar, Muhammad, 2022. "Safe haven properties of green, Islamic, and crypto assets and investor's proclivity towards treasury and gold," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Raheem, Ibrahim Dolapo & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "Time-varying dynamic conditional correlation between stock and cryptocurrency markets using the copula-ADCC-EGARCH model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 535(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mariem Bouzguenda & Anis Jarboui, 2025. "Navigating the Green Frontier: Dynamic Risk and Return Transmission Between Clean Energy ETFs and ESG Indexes in Emerging Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-25, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yu, Mengxia & Xu, Ke & Zheng, Xinwei, 2025. "Reprint of: Mimicking crypto portfolios in sustainable investment," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(1).
    2. Rabbani, Mustafa Raza & Hassan, M. Kabir & Billah, Syed Mabruk & Shaik, Muneer & Halim, Zairihan Abdul, 2025. "Religion vs. ethics: Tail dependence between Sukuk, green bond, Islamic Fintech, and fourth industrial revolution assets," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Rehman, Shafique Ur & Wu, Desheng, 2025. "Managing extreme risks and interdependence between green cryptocurrencies and precious metals," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    4. Ghaemi Asl, Mahdi & Ben Jabeur, Sami & Ben Zaied, Younes, 2024. "Analyzing the interplay between eco-friendly and Islamic digital currencies and green investments," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    5. Wang, Zhen & Hu, Difei & Sami, Fariha & Uktamov, Khusniddin Fakhriddinovich, 2023. "Revisiting China's natural resources-growth-emissions nexus: Education expenditures and renewable energy innovation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    6. Arfaoui, Nadia & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Boubaker, Sabri & Mirza, Nawazish & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Interdependence of clean energy and green markets with cryptocurrencies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    7. Xie, Xin & Mirza, Nawazish & Umar, Muhammad & Ji, Xiaoman, 2024. "Covid-19 and market discipline: Evidence from the banking sector in emerging markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 612-621.
    8. Brajaballav Kar & Chandrabhanu Das, 2022. "Cryptocurrency Response to COVID-19: A Test of Efficient Market Hypothesis," Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, in: Rabi Narayan Subudhi & Sumita Mishra & Abu Saleh & Dariush Khezrimotlagh (ed.), Future of Work and Business in Covid-19 Era, pages 9-18, Springer.
    9. Wang, Wei & Enilov, Martin & Stankov, Petar, 2025. "Can cryptocurrency or gold rescue BRICS stocks amid the Russia-Ukraine conflict?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA).
    10. Adel Benhamed & Mohamed Sadok Gassouma, 2023. "Preventing Oil Shock Inflation: Sustainable Development Mechanisms vs. Islamic Mechanisms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    11. Khan, Yasir & Hassan, Taimoor & Guiqin, Huang & Nabi, Ghulam, 2023. "Analyzing the impact of natural resources and rule of law on sustainable environment: A proposed policy framework for BRICS economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    12. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Umar, Muhammad & Ktaish, Farah, 2024. "Interdependencies and risk management strategies between green cryptocurrencies and traditional energy sources," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    13. Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2021. "A Survey on Volatility Fluctuations in the Decentralized Cryptocurrency Financial Assets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-46, June.
    14. Corbet, Shaen & Larkin, Charles & Lucey, Brian, 2020. "The contagion effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from gold and cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    15. Wang, Xuetong & Fang, Fang & Ma, Shiqun & Xiang, Lijin & Xiao, Zumian, 2024. "Dynamic volatility spillover among cryptocurrencies and energy markets: An empirical analysis based on a multilevel complex network," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
    16. Paeng, Seongcheol & Senteney, Dave & Yang, Taewon, 2024. "Spillover effects, lead and lag relationships, and stable coins time series," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 45-60.
    17. Alexey Mikhaylov & N. B. A. Yousif & Hasan Dincer & Serhat Yüksel, 2025. "Analysis of the knowledge and innovation-based customer expectations for the green crypto assets in investment strategies using artificial intelligence and facial expression-based fuzzy modelling," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 2861-2890, June.
    18. Chen, Ming & Chen, Junying, 2023. "Natural resources extraction in emerging economies: Does it promote sustainable development or crowd-out real sector?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    19. Gupta, Rakesh & Haddad, Sama & Selvanathan, E.A., 2024. "Global power and Stock market co-movements: A study of G20 markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    20. Xie, Hao & Chang, Shuangshuang & Liu, Pengqiang & Lin, Regina Fang-Ying, 2024. "Sustainable development: Uncovering the synergy between natural resources, clean technologies, and economic progress," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:251:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125009188. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.