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Construction of Bi2S3/BiVO4/TNbO photoanode with energy band and interface engineering for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Author

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  • Ma, Yuxi
  • Chen, Meng
  • Qin, Dongmei
  • Zhang, Weiye
  • Lv, Fengyong
  • Dong, Zhenbiao

Abstract

Rational design nano-photoanodes with favorable optical absorption and charge separation-transfer played an important role in enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for boosted solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion. As for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dynamics, we constructed a ternary Ti-based composite photoanode (BS/BVO/TNbO) with effective carrier management toward efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Microstructure analysis demonstrated that the positive shift of valence-conduction band through Nb-doping made the energy band well-matched with BiVO4 and Bi2S3. Sequential loading of BiVO4 and Bi2S3 substantially extended the absorption edge from 382 to 550 nm. Meanwhile, the optimized hetero-interface enabled photogenerated electrons gathered in Nb-doped TiO2 (TNbO) nanotubes and the holes transferred to Bi2S3 effectively. Bulk-phase Nb-doping promoted fast carrier transport within and across TNbO photoanodes, coupling BiVO4 and Bi2S3 further accelerated charge separation-transfer process. BS/BVO/TNbO photoanodes showed excellent charge separation efficiency (ηsep) of 38 %, which was much higher than pristine TiO2 (29 %). PEC measurements illustrated that the yielding photocurrent was favorably improved to 3.4 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, and STH efficiency (1.53 %) was 7.3 times that of pristine system. This work involved energy band and interface engineering of ternary Ti-based photoanode, which may contribute to designing high-efficiency photoanodes with effective carrier management in driving solar water splitting.

Suggested Citation

  • Ma, Yuxi & Chen, Meng & Qin, Dongmei & Zhang, Weiye & Lv, Fengyong & Dong, Zhenbiao, 2025. "Construction of Bi2S3/BiVO4/TNbO photoanode with energy band and interface engineering for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:250:y:2025:i:c:s096014812500967x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123305
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dong, Zhenbiao & Qin, Dongmei & Ma, Junjie & Li, Zhenyu & Han, Sheng, 2024. "Bulk-phase and surface dual-defective engineering enabled Ti-based nanotubes photoanode for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    2. Li, Zhenzi & Wang, Shijie & Wu, Jiaxing & Zhou, Wei, 2022. "Recent progress in defective TiO2 photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Cai, Jiajia & Liu, Cunxing & Tang, Xiangxuan & Kong, Lingna & Yu, Feiyang & Wang, Jianmin & Xie, Qian & Li, Haijin & Li, Song, 2022. "Understanding the effect of interface on the charge separation in Bi2S3@Sn: α-Fe2O3 heterojunction for photoelectrochemical water oxidation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 195-203.
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    1. Chu, Sheng & Wang, Xintie & Xu, Xiaoyu & Duan, Siyuan & Zhang, Zhuzhu & Sun, Lijuan & Xu, Lian-Hua & Zhang, Huiyan, 2026. "Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency with a carbon/g-C3N4 composite," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PD).

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