IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v250y2025ics0960148125009644.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainable hollow spherical CaO derived from waste eggshells for transesterification of lard: Catalytic characterization, performance and thermodynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Yawei
  • He, Chao
  • Li, Gang
  • Liu, Xinxin
  • Liu, Liang
  • Jiao, Youzhou

Abstract

This study presents a novel method for synthesizing a highly efficient hollow spherical CaO catalyst derived from waste eggshells. The catalyst was prepared through soft template method and thermal treatment under controlled nitrogen atmosphere, yielding a unique hollow spherical structure that significantly enhances catalytic activity. The catalyst characterization was performed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results showed that the hollow spherical textural catalysts with specific surface area of 4.3 m2 g−1 were obtained at Ca2+ concentration of 0.05 mol L−1, and possessed excellent catalytic performance in the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification of lard with anhydrous methanol. An exceptional biodiesel yield of 96.41 % was achieved under optimized conditions of catalyst concentration of 2 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, and reaction time of 120 min. This catalyst exhibited longer lifespan and significant catalytic activity (Biodiesel yield >89.65 %) after being used for four cycles. The transesterification obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 53.23 kJ mol−1 for the hollow CaO catalyst. This approach sets itself apart from previous methods by employing sustainable, low-cost materials and achieving high reusability, advancing the field of renewable energy with minimal environmental impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Yawei & He, Chao & Li, Gang & Liu, Xinxin & Liu, Liang & Jiao, Youzhou, 2025. "Sustainable hollow spherical CaO derived from waste eggshells for transesterification of lard: Catalytic characterization, performance and thermodynamics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:250:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125009644
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123302
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125009644
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123302?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:250:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125009644. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.