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Solar-reduced graphene oxide heterostructure: A sustainable Bi-functional photocatalyst producing clean hydrogen from water and enabling organic dye degradation

Author

Listed:
  • Raheman AR, Shakeelur
  • Wilson, Higgins M.
  • Mistry, Rohan
  • Salunke, Nilesh
  • Mane, Rupali
  • Ansari, Khursheed B.
  • Al Mesfer, Mohammed K.
  • Shah, Mumtaj
  • Danish, Mohd
  • Lee, Sang Joon

Abstract

This study delves green synthesis of a solar-reduced graphene oxide (SrGO) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) heterostructure by utilizing solar energy as a crucial component of the synthesis process. SrGO/g-C3N4 heterostructure demonstrated enhanced optical absorption and strong interfacial connection between SrGO and g-C3N4 interface. Comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic analyses provided a detail understanding of heterostructural properties, confirming its suitability for solar-driven applications. Under solar irradiation, g-C3N4 nanosheet showed photocatalytic H2 evolution of 244.01μmolh−1g−1Cat. The coupling of SrGO with different wt% decreased the energy bandgap of g-C3N4 and increased the separation of photoelectrons and hole pairs. The 1 wt%SrGO/g-C3N4 heterostructure demonstrated excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution activity 2071.3μmolh−1g−1Cat, 8.4-fold greater than pure g-C3N4. The heterostructure exhibited exceptional stability and excellent Apparent Quantum Yields (7.31 %) at 460 nm. Further, 1 wt%SrGO/g-C3N4 indicated 97.16 % photocatalytic degradation of RhB dye within 75 min with increased reactivity of 0.0436 min−1 as compared to 0.00696 min−1 for 0.5 wt% SrGO/g-C3N4 and 0.01031 min−1 for 1.5 wt% SrGO/g-C3N4, respectively. Moreover, 1 wt% SrGO/g-C3N4 shows the highest Jph (370μA/cm2 at 1V versus RHE) and photogenerated charge carrier lifetime τ = 1.210×10−8. The mechanism of photocatalytic performance of SrGO/g-C3N4 heterostructure was examined in detail.

Suggested Citation

  • Raheman AR, Shakeelur & Wilson, Higgins M. & Mistry, Rohan & Salunke, Nilesh & Mane, Rupali & Ansari, Khursheed B. & Al Mesfer, Mohammed K. & Shah, Mumtaj & Danish, Mohd & Lee, Sang Joon, 2025. "Solar-reduced graphene oxide heterostructure: A sustainable Bi-functional photocatalyst producing clean hydrogen from water and enabling organic dye degradation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:245:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125004641
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122802
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raheman AR, Shakeelur & Wilson, Higgins M. & Momin, Bilal M. & Annapure, Uday S. & Jha, Neetu, 2020. "CdSe quantum dots modified thiol functionalized g-C3N4: Intimate interfacial charge transfer between 0D/2D nanostructure for visible light H2 evolution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 431-443.
    2. Shan Yu & Xiang-Bing Fan & Xian Wang & Jingguo Li & Qian Zhang & Andong Xia & Shiqian Wei & Li-Zhu Wu & Ying Zhou & Greta R. Patzke, 2018. "Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with ligand engineered all-inorganic InP and InP/ZnS colloidal quantum dots," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
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