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Internal and external fluctuations and noises in hydrodynamic systems with flux

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  • Lesnikov, V.P.

Abstract

The theory of macroscopic fluctuations in systems with flux is presented within the framework of thermodynamics. It is shown that the Onsager-Casimir reciprocal relations are satisfied only in equilibrium systems and do not take place in the case of non-equilibrium ones. It is emphasized that the Langevin fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a mathematical formula that does not require any physical justification and which allows solving the problem of internal and external fluctuations. It is shown that the behavior of internal and external fluctuations differs fundamentally. In particular, fluctuations induced by external noise play a decisive role near the points of dissipative instabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Lesnikov, V.P., 2026. "Internal and external fluctuations and noises in hydrodynamic systems with flux," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 694(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:694:y:2026:i:c:s0378437126003444
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2026.131608
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