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Hysteresis and compensation phenomena in a mixed-spin (1/2, 3/2, 5/2) Blume–Capel model on ABC trilayer graphene system

Author

Listed:
  • El Kihel, K.
  • Zouhair, S.
  • El Fatouaki, Z.
  • Choubabi, E.B.
  • Karimou, M.
  • El Bouziani, M.

Abstract

We investigate the magnetic properties of a three-layer ABC-type graphene system consisting of mixed spins, with sublattices A, B, and C characterized respectively by spins 1/2, 3/2, and 5/2. The study takes into account the effects of intra- and interplanar interactions (JA, JB, JC, JAB, and JBC), crystal fields (ΔB and ΔC), and an external magnetic field h. Using the mean-field approximation, we plotted the total and partial magnetizations of the sublattices as well as the phase diagrams to investigate critical behavior, hysteretic properties, and compensation temperatures. The results show the occurrence of first- and second-order phase transitions, the presence of critical end-points Ei=1,…,9, and one (TComp1) or two (TComp2) compensation temperatures, depending on the parameters chosen. In addition, the system exhibits complex hysteretic phenomena, which can give rise to single, double, or triple loops. These results highlight the richness of the magnetic behavior of the proposed model and the importance of this type of structure for understanding the critical and functional aspects of graphene-structured nanomaterials.

Suggested Citation

  • El Kihel, K. & Zouhair, S. & El Fatouaki, Z. & Choubabi, E.B. & Karimou, M. & El Bouziani, M., 2026. "Hysteresis and compensation phenomena in a mixed-spin (1/2, 3/2, 5/2) Blume–Capel model on ABC trilayer graphene system," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 691(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:691:y:2026:i:c:s0378437126002207
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2026.131484
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