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Producing suprathermal tails in the stationary velocity distribution

Author

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  • Demaerel, Thibaut
  • De Roeck, Wojciech
  • Maes, Christian

Abstract

We revisit effective scenarios for the origin of heavy tails in stationary velocity distributions. A first analysis combines localization with diffusive acceleration. That gets realized in space plasmas to find the so-called kappa-distributions having power-law decay at high speeds. There, localization at high energy already takes place for the reversible dynamics, but becomes effective by an active diffusion in velocity space. A model for vibrating granular gases and giving rise to stretched exponential tails is also briefly discussed, where negative friction is the energizer. In all cases, the resulting nonMaxwellian velocity distributions are frenetically caused by the dependence on the speed of kinetic parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Demaerel, Thibaut & De Roeck, Wojciech & Maes, Christian, 2020. "Producing suprathermal tails in the stationary velocity distribution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 552(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:552:y:2020:i:c:s0378437119312634
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2019.122179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Trigger, S.A. & van Heijst, G.J.F. & Schram, P.P.J.M., 2005. "Velocity-dependent friction and diffusion for grains in neutral gases, dusty plasmas and active systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 347(C), pages 77-98.
    2. U. Erdmann & W. Ebeling & L. Schimansky-Geier & F. Schweitzer, 2000. "Brownian particles far from equilibrium," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 15(1), pages 105-113, May.
    3. Van den Broeck, C., 1990. "Taylor dispersion revisited," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 168(2), pages 677-696.
    4. Soret, E. & De Bièvre, S., 2015. "Stochastic acceleration in a random time-dependent potential," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 125(7), pages 2752-2785.
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