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Hubbard pair cluster in the external fields. Studies of the polarization and susceptibility

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  • Balcerzak, T.
  • Szałowski, K.

Abstract

The electric and magnetic polarizations as well as the electric and magnetic susceptibilities of the Hubbard pair-cluster embedded in the external fields were studied by the exact method. Based on the grand canonical ensemble for open system, the numerical calculations were performed for the electron concentration corresponding to the half-filling case. It has been found that the electric and magnetic properties are strictly interrelated, what constitutes a manifestation of a magnetoelectric effect, and the detailed explanation of such behaviour was given. In particular, near the ground state where the transitions are induced by the external fields, discontinuous changes of the studied quantities have been found. They have been associated with the occurrence of the singlet–triplet transitions. An anomalous behaviour of the electric and magnetic polarizations as a function of the temperature, occurring below the critical magnetic field, was illustrated. In the presence of the competing electric and magnetic fields, the influence of Coulombic repulsion on the studied properties was discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Balcerzak, T. & Szałowski, K., 2018. "Hubbard pair cluster in the external fields. Studies of the polarization and susceptibility," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 512(C), pages 1069-1084.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:512:y:2018:i:c:p:1069-1084
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2018.08.152
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. F. Mancini & F. P. Mancini, 2009. "Extended Hubbard model in the presence of a magnetic field," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 68(3), pages 341-351, April.
    2. Balcerzak, T. & Szałowski, K., 2017. "Hubbard pair cluster in the external fields. Studies of the chemical potential," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 468(C), pages 252-266.
    3. Balcerzak, T. & Szałowski, K., 2018. "Hubbard pair cluster in the external fields. Studies of the magnetic properties," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 499(C), pages 395-406.
    4. Spałek, J. & Oleś, A.M. & Chao, K.A., 1979. "Thermodynamic properties of a two-site Hubbard model with orbital degeneracy," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 552-564.
    5. T X R Souza & C A Macedo, 2016. "Ferromagnetic Ground States in Face-Centered Cubic Hubbard Clusters," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-6, September.
    6. Lieb, Elliott H. & Wu, F.Y., 2003. "The one-dimensional Hubbard model: a reminiscence," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 321(1), pages 1-27.
    7. Hasegawa, Hideo, 2011. "Thermal entanglement of Hubbard dimers in the nonextensive statistics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 390(8), pages 1486-1503.
    8. Hasegawa, Hideo, 2005. "Nonextensive thermodynamics of the two-site Hubbard model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 351(2), pages 273-293.
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    Cited by:

    1. Villegas, Vladimir P. & Villagonzalo, Cristine D., 2022. "Refrigeration using magnetocaloric and electrocaloric effects in a Fermi–Hubbard optical dimer exposed to a heat bath," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 600(C).

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