Transport coefficients of a heated granular gas

The Navier–Stokes transport coefficients of a granular gas are obtained from the Chapman–Enskog solution to the Boltzmann equation. The granular gas is heated by the action of an external driving force (thermostat) which does work to compensate for the collisional loss of energy. Two types of thermostats are considered: (a) a deterministic force proportional to the particle velocity (Gaussian thermostat), and (b) a random external force (stochastic thermostat). As happens in the free cooling case, the transport coefficients are determined from linear integral equations which can be approximately solved by means of a Sonine polynomial expansion. In the leading order, we get those coefficients as explicit functions of the restitution coefficient α. The results are compared with those obtained in the free cooling case, indicating that the above thermostat forces do not play a neutral role in the transport. The kinetic theory results are also compared with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann equation for the shear viscosity. The comparison shows an excellent agreement between theory and simulation over a wide range of values of the restitution coefficient. Finally, the expressions of the transport coefficients for a gas of inelastic hard spheres are extended to the revised Enskog theory for a description at higher densities.