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Efficient bilateral trade with interdependent values: The use of two-stage mechanisms

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  • Kunimoto, Takashi
  • Zhang, Cuiling

Abstract

Efficient, voluntary bilateral trades are generally not implementable in an interdependent values environment with two-sided asymmetric information. To obtain more positive results, we consider two-stage mechanisms in which (i) the outcome (e.g., allocation of the goods) is determined first; (ii) the agents partially learn the state via their own outcome-decision payoffs; and (iii) transfers are finally made. We propose the approximate shoot-the-liar (AS) mechanism and identify Assumption 1, under which “approximately” efficient, voluntary trades are implementable. We further illustrate the permissiveness of the assumption, and characterize it in terms of the nature of interdependence in valuation functions – delineating the boundary between when Assumption 1 holds and when it fails. Finally, we characterize the conditions under which “exactly” efficient, voluntary trades can be implemented using two-stage mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Kunimoto, Takashi & Zhang, Cuiling, 2026. "Efficient bilateral trade with interdependent values: The use of two-stage mechanisms," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:mateco:v:122:y:2026:i:c:s0304406825001089
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmateco.2025.103191
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