A numerical Bernstein splines approach for nonlinear initial value problems with Hilfer fractional derivative

The Hilfer fractional derivative generalizes and interpolates between the commonly used Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivative. In general, solutions to Hilfer fractional derivative initial value problems are singular for t↓t0, providing a challenge in numerical approximation. In this work, we present a Bernstein splines method to obtain accurate approximations to solutions of nonlinear Hilfer fractional derivative initial value problems, including solutions with singular behavior. We provide explicit convergence requirements and asymptotic convergence rates to analytical solutions. Moreover, the method is efficiently implemented, using a vectorized approach and parallelization in polynomial order. Numerical experiments show empirical convergence corresponding to analytical results and a significantly higher accuracy compared to the commonly used fractional Adams–Bashforth–Moulton predictor–corrector method. Furthermore, our method is able to simulate nonlinear systems with Hilfer fractional derivatives, as demonstrated by the application to the fractional Van der Pol oscillator.