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Approximation of off-line signatures by spline functions

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  • Abdenabi, Mourad Aoulad
  • Zidna, Ahmed
  • Michel, Dominique

Abstract

In this paper, we present an approach for approximating an off-line signature as an on-line signature through the use of spline functions. The proposed algorithm is based on the null rule method and principal component analysis. A localized null rule method is applied to detect a set of fault points in the off-line signature. Then, principal component regression is applied to adjust the detected points by approximately projecting them onto the fault curves. Subsequently, an ordered subset of these refined points is selected, and a cubic spline interpolation is employed to reconstruct the fault curves. Finally, a set of representative experimental results is presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdenabi, Mourad Aoulad & Zidna, Ahmed & Michel, Dominique, 2026. "Approximation of off-line signatures by spline functions," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 558-570.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:matcom:v:248:y:2026:i:c:p:558-570
    DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2026.04.038
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