A master-slave game based shared energy storage time-of-use pricing strategy under blockchain technology

To address the current problems of low energy storage utilization efficiency and income, this study first designs a smart contract-based shared energy storage (SES) framework, which specifies the transaction mechanisms among the grid, user aggregator, new energy aggregator, and SES service provider. Second, a master-slave game model is established with the SES service provider as the leader and the user aggregator, and new energy aggregator as the followers. A master-multi-slave Stackelberg game time-of-use pricing solution is proposed. Finally, arithmetic simulation and multi-scenario, multi-method comparative analysis are performed to optimize the strategies of each subject using the improved genetic algorithm combined with the Gurobi solver. The results show that blockchain technology can effectively support SES service providers to realize time-of-use pricing transactions. With time-of-use pricing, the profit of the SES service provider can reach 22508 yuan, which is better than single pricing of 4648 yuan, and also improves the profits of the user aggregator and new energy aggregator. More profit is made when the initial state of the storage unit is low. 10 %-15 % of shared storage configurations are the most profitable in terms of unit size. For time-of-use pricing problem, the improved genetic algorithm outperforms particle swarm and gray wolf algorithms.