Steady-state and dynamic performance of IPMSM drive taking into account electric powertrain losses

This paper introduces key equations for calculating the operating trajectories of the IPMSM and the electrical losses of the powertrain in steady-state. Based on these equations, the calculation of the so-called dq axis current map and steady-state efficiency map are introduced via a Newton–Raphson based method. The proposed steady-state calculations are validated through a dynamic simulation model with cascaded speed-current closed-loop control. Torque-current reference generation is also performed with the aforementioned Newton–Raphson based method. A clear novelty of this paper is the inclusion of both stator resistance and iron loss resistance in the calculation of reference currents. Additionally, we propose combining this algorithm with a time-variant 2DoF current controller to account for iron losses. The proposed combination improves dynamic behavior and accounts for losses. The steady-state calculations and the dynamic models presented align, proving to be reliable tools for estimating energy consumption and allowing the implementation of accurate reference torque tracking control algorithms.