Analytical study of the operation and needs of Benin Republic's electricity sector

This study analyzes the performance and main challenges of the Republic of Benin's electricity system, highlighting its current dependence on thermoelectric generation and energy imports. Based on official data and national statistics, the research assesses the country's energy demand, with an emphasis on the residential sector, and estimates future needs considering a scenario of improved living conditions for the population. The methodology integrates quantitative analysis of demographic consumption and natural resources data with scenario modeling to project national demand and evaluate strategies to mitigate the energy deficit. The demands were estimated using average consumption data for the country and projected into the future based on a hypothetical scenario of improved living conditions for the population. The results indicated that Benin's current installed capacity remains insufficient to meet domestic demand, with electricity access rates below 50 % in much of the territory. To address this challenge, two strategies were proposed: the construction of a 230 kV transmission line connecting the north and south of the country and the expansion of generation capacity from renewable energy sources (RES), especially solar and hydropower. The combined application of these measures can increase supply reliability, reduce external dependence, and promote sustainable economic development, ensuring greater social well-being and energy security in the country.