Grid assessment of community-driven renewable energy technology and storage integration in rural Yucatan, Mexico

This study focuses on integrating renewable energy technologies and storage systems into Pixya’s rural electrical grid, a Mayan community in Yucatán, Mexico. The project aims to reduce reliance on the utility grid, ensure uninterrupted electricity and water supply, and alleviate energy poverty. Using a deterministic methodology, the study designs a hybrid system combining photovoltaic panels and lithium-ion batteries, enabling the community to operate autonomously during grid outages. The proposed system generates 100% of the community’s energy needs, provides up to 14 days of autonomy, and significantly reduces CO2 emissions. Simulations using HOMER Pro and DIgSILENT confirm the technical feasibility and ensure stable operation under both grid-on and off-grid modes. The economic analysis reveals a payback period of 8.35–13.45 years, contingent upon subsidies or grants, as traditional financing remains unfeasible. This range considers two distinct tariffs: the subsidised, low-consumption residential tariff (Tariff 1C) at US$0.0687/kWh and the non-subsidised domestic tariff (DAC type) at US$0.2943/kWh. A novel arrangement model (to develop a novel contract type) is proposed to enable self-supply and energy injection into the grid, addressing current regulatory barriers to autonomous operation. The project aligns with Mexico’s energy transition goals and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 7, promoting clean energy access and fostering community empowerment. However, successful implementation necessitates policy adjustments, external funding, and a shift from economic to social priorities to ensure equitable development for rural indigenous communities.