A SWOT analysis for the evolution of Brazil’s renewable energy sector

Brazil’s renewable energy sector is vital for energy security and sustainability but faces internal and external challenges. The analysis identifies and classifies factors according to established criteria related to their internal or external nature and their positive or negative influence on deployment, competitiveness, and scalability. A key novelty of our study is the integrated application of a SWOT analysis based on a systematic literature review to assess, simultaneously and comparatively, four strategically important renewable energy sources (namely, solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, offshore wind, and green hydrogen), within the context of Brazil’s energy transition. Ninety-four key factors were analyzed across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Strengths include abundant resources and cost-competitive technologies, while weaknesses involve infrastructure constraints and regulatory uncertainty. Opportunities lie in technological advancements and international partnerships, but threats include market volatility and policy instability. The study generates interconnected strategic insights that go beyond single-technology analyses, providing actionable policy recommendations to address critical barriers, foster investment, and accelerate Brazil’s transition toward a resilient, diversified, and sustainable energy matrix.