Advancing digital transformation in the mining industry: A novel rough interval-valued neutrosophic DEMATEL approach to challenge interdependencies

The mining industry (MI) underpins global economic and technological progress by supplying essential raw materials for energy, manufacturing, and infrastructure. Yet, its digital transformation, vital for enhancing sustainability and efficiency, is hindered by complex, interconnected challenges. Prior research often examines these challenges in isolation, lacking quantitative causal modeling. This study proposes the Rough Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (RIVN-DEMATEL) method to analyze interdependencies among challenges to digital technology adoption in the MI. Integrating rough set theory and neutrosophic logic, RIVN-DEMATEL robustly manages uncertainty in expert judgments, validated via Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses. Key findings identify scalability challenges, cultural inertia, and dynamic operational conditions as dominant causal drivers, which exacerbate effect factors such as resistance to change, cybersecurity risks, and ROI uncertainty. Scalability constraints, for instance, amplify integration issues and data complexity, while cultural barriers fuel workforce resistance. These results underscore the need to address root causes to mitigate downstream impacts. Practical implications include launching modular pilot projects to demonstrate scalability, fostering cultural change through transformational leadership, and implementing reskilling programs to build digital literacy. Moreover, policymakers should establish adaptive regulatory frameworks and offer financial incentives, such as grants for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to reduce adoption challenges. By synthesizing fragmented insights into a structured decision-support model, this study fills critical literature gaps, providing mining companies, policymakers, and technology providers a roadmap to advance operational efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility through digital innovation.