Unpacking the interconnected challenges of rare metals supply chains: A systematic literature network analysis and conceptual framework

The strategic importance of rare metals, essential to produce high-tech devices and green technologies, is increasingly recognized in today's global economy and highly uncertain geopolitical context. However, their supply chains (SCs) are fraught with complexities due to geographical concentration, environmental impact, and ethical concerns. This study addresses the pressing research question: “How do existing research streams on rare metals SCs address the complex, interconnected challenges within these SCs?” By employing a Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA), this research provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in the field, integrating both quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis. The key contribution of this study is the development of a conceptual framework that synthesizes insights from the literature, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of rare metals SCs. This framework emphasizes the critical need for resilient, and ethically managed supply networks that can face challenges posed by these materials. The findings suggest that while significant progress has been made, substantial gaps remain in understanding and addressing the full spectrum of issues within rare metals SCs. This study not only maps the intellectual landscape of the field but also provides strategic directions for future research, aiming to enhance the sustainability and resilience of SCs in the context of rare metals.