Assessing the dual impact of gold mining on local communities: Socio-economic benefits and environmental challenges

This research evaluates the environmental and socio-economic effects of gold mining in the local community of Baiyun'ebo in China, where mining-induced economic growth is coupled with considerable environmental and social issues. This research combines quantitative environmental evaluations with qualitative socio-economic analysis to determine the dual consequences of gold mining. Research indicates significant environmental degradation, encompassing water contamination, soil erosion, and deforestation, with arsenic and cyanide concentrations in local rivers surpassing WHO and EPA safety limits. Socio-economic evaluations reveal that mining substantially enhances family incomes, accounting for up to 74 % of wages for artisanal miners; yet, these advantages are inequitably allocated. Community surveys reveal discontent with mining companies' practices, specifically insufficient corporate social responsibility efforts and neglect of environmental and social repercussions. Approximately 58 % of respondents had unfavorable attitudes toward mining owing to its environmental and infrastructural consequences. The research highlights the critical need for sustainable mining techniques, more stringent regulatory frameworks, and improved community involvement. Policy recommendations encompass the implementation of sophisticated environmental assessment techniques, the encouragement of alternative livelihoods, and the equitable allocation of resources to harmonize economic growth with environmental and social sustainability. Future studies should use longitudinal studies and comparative analysis across various mining locations to investigate the long-term effects and effectiveness of suggested remedies. This study offers practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of gold mining while optimizing its advantages.