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On asymptotic normality of cross data matrix-based PCA in high dimension low sample size

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  • Wang, Shao-Hsuan
  • Huang, Su-Yun
  • Chen, Ting-Li

Abstract

Principal component analysis in high dimension low sample size setting has been an active research area in recent years. Yata and Aoshima (2010) proposed a cross data matrix-based method and showed the asymptotic normality for estimates of spiked eigenvalues and also consistency for corresponding estimates of PC directions. However, the asymptotic normality for estimates of PC directions is still lacking. In this article, we have extended Yata and Aoshima (2010)’s work to include the investigation of the asymptotic normality for the leading CDM-based PC directions and to compare it with the asymptotic normality for the classical PCA. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the asymptotic normality.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Shao-Hsuan & Huang, Su-Yun & Chen, Ting-Li, 2020. "On asymptotic normality of cross data matrix-based PCA in high dimension low sample size," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:175:y:2020:i:c:s0047259x19301915
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2019.104556
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Hall & J. S. Marron & Amnon Neeman, 2005. "Geometric representation of high dimension, low sample size data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 67(3), pages 427-444, June.
    2. Johnstone, Iain M. & Lu, Arthur Yu, 2009. "On Consistency and Sparsity for Principal Components Analysis in High Dimensions," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(486), pages 682-693.
    3. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2013. "PCA consistency for the power spiked model in high-dimensional settings," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 334-354.
    4. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2012. "Effective PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size data with noise reduction via geometric representations," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 193-215.
    5. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2013. "Correlation tests for high-dimensional data using extended cross-data-matrix methodology," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 313-331.
    6. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2016. "High-dimensional inference on covariance structures via the extended cross-data-matrix methodology," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 151-166.
    7. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2010. "Effective PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size data with singular value decomposition of cross data matrix," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(9), pages 2060-2077, October.
    8. Jeongyoun Ahn & J. S. Marron & Keith M. Muller & Yueh-Yun Chi, 2007. "The high-dimension, low-sample-size geometric representation holds under mild conditions," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 94(3), pages 760-766.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hlávka, Zdeněk & Hlubinka, Daniel & Koňasová, Kateřina, 2022. "Functional ANOVA based on empirical characteristic functionals," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. Wang, Shao-Hsuan & Huang, Su-Yun, 2022. "Perturbation theory for cross data matrix-based PCA," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

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