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Do intermediaries improve GSE lending? Evidence from proprietary GSE data

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  • Bosshardt, Joshua
  • Kakhbod, Ali
  • Kermani, Amir

Abstract

We analyze the trade-offs of having intermediaries originate government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) mortgages using proprietary GSE data. We first find evidence of lenders pricing for observable and unobservable default risk independently of the GSEs. We then develop and estimate a model of competitive lending in which lenders have skin-in-the-game and conduct additional screening beyond the GSEs’ criteria. Lenders reduce costs via screening but also charge markups. On net, interest rates are higher compared to a counterfactual effectively without intermediaries. In an extension, the observed differences between banks and nonbanks are more consistent with differences in their skin-in-the-game rather than screening quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Bosshardt, Joshua & Kakhbod, Ali & Kermani, Amir, 2025. "Do intermediaries improve GSE lending? Evidence from proprietary GSE data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:170:y:2025:i:c:s0304405x2500090x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104082
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mortgage lenders; Underwriting risk; Overlays; Nonbanks;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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