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The influence of acute life stressors on mass shooter outcomes

Author

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  • Widdowson, Alex O.
  • McMahon, Katelyn M.
  • Kratzwald, Holly M.

Abstract

Existing studies indicate that acute life stressors often precede mass shootings and may contribute to the shooter's motivation or exacerbate underlying mental health issues. However, it remains unclear whether these stressors influence mass shooter outcomes—that is, whether the shooter is apprehended, dies by suicide, or is killed by law enforcement or citizens. This study advances the literature by examining the associations between five acute life stressors and mass shooter outcomes and whether these associations vary across different incident types.

Suggested Citation

  • Widdowson, Alex O. & McMahon, Katelyn M. & Kratzwald, Holly M., 2025. "The influence of acute life stressors on mass shooter outcomes," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:96:y:2025:i:c:s0047235224001715
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102322
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Patrick J Burke, 2024. "Desperation on the Battlefield, the Ethnic Security Dilemma, or Economic Competition? Mass Shootings in Chicago’s Gang Wars, 2010–20," The British Journal of Criminology, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, vol. 64(1), pages 88-106.
    2. Joel A. Capellan, 2015. "Lone Wolf Terrorist or Deranged Shooter? A Study of Ideological Active Shooter Events in the United States, 1970–2014," Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(6), pages 395-413, June.
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