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Using inspection time and ex-Gaussian parameters of reaction time to predict executive functions in children with ADHD

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  • Galloway-Long, Hilary
  • Huang-Pollock, Cynthia

Abstract

Slower and more variable performance in speeded reaction time tasks is a prominent cognitive signature among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and is often also negatively associated with executive functioning ability. In the current study, we utilize a visual inspection time task and an ex-Gaussian decomposition of the reaction time data from the same task to better understand which of several cognitive subprocesses (i.e., perceptual encoding, decision-making, or fine-motor output) may be responsible for these important relationships. Consistent with previous research, children with ADHD (n = 190; 68 girls) had longer/slower SD and tau than non-ADHD peers (n = 76; 42 girls), but there were no group differences in inspection time, mu, or sigma. Smaller mu, greater sigma, longer tau, and slower inspection time together predicted worse performance on a latent executive function factor, but only tau partially mediated the relationship between ADHD symptomology and EF. These results suggest that the speed of information accumulation during the decision-making process may be an important mechanism that explains ADHD-related deficits in executive control.

Suggested Citation

  • Galloway-Long, Hilary & Huang-Pollock, Cynthia, 2018. "Using inspection time and ex-Gaussian parameters of reaction time to predict executive functions in children with ADHD," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 186-194.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:69:y:2018:i:c:p:186-194
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.06.005
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