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Parental educational investment in China: Evidence of a pro-daughter phenomenon

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  • Yao, Mengzhu
  • Qiao, Fangbin

Abstract

Son preference remains prevalent in many developing nations, particularly in terms of parental educational investment. Utilizing nationally representative Chinese data and cross-sectional differences across family types, this study finds no statistically significant evidence of pro-son phenomenon in parental educational expenditure. This pattern holds even among families more likely to employ gender-selective fertility strategies. Additionally, the research documents pro-daughter phenomenon in parental educational investment among single-child households, high-income families, and urban residents. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been previously documented in the literature, suggesting a fundamental shift in gender-based disparities in parental resource allocation between sons and daughters.

Suggested Citation

  • Yao, Mengzhu & Qiao, Fangbin, 2026. "Parental educational investment in China: Evidence of a pro-daughter phenomenon," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:123:y:2026:i:c:s0738059326001082
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2026.103598
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