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Exclusive seller-Platform contracts in two-Sided markets: An empirical study of the real estate market

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  • Liu, Yue
  • Luo, Rong
  • Yu, Haojun

Abstract

Platform firms in two-sided markets often adopt exclusive seller-platform contracts to attract buyers and increase market power. In this paper, we examine the impacts of exclusive contracts on the indirect network effects between buyers and sellers, sellers’ prices, and transaction outcomes using listing-level data from a large real estate brokerage in China. We find that (1) exclusive contracts strengthen the indirect network effects but did not affect the listing or transaction prices; (2) exclusive listings have higher 90-day transaction probabilities and transaction speed than non-exclusive listings due to agents arranging more buyer visits to exclusive listings. Our results can shed light on the impacts of exclusive seller-platform contracts in other industries and countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Yue & Luo, Rong & Yu, Haojun, 2026. "Exclusive seller-Platform contracts in two-Sided markets: An empirical study of the real estate market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:indorg:v:105:y:2026:i:c:s0167718726000214
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2026.103268
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