Exploring discourses in the German forest-based bioeconomy: A Q-methodological approach

In response to the finite nature of many resources and their significant impact on climate change, governments worldwide have developed political strategies and concepts to promote the transition towards a bioeconomy, emphasizing the use of renewable bio-based resources across various sectors. In particular, the construction sector can adopt wood as an alternative to carbon-intensive materials. However, the growing demand and more intensive use of biogenic resources lead to utilization conflicts and other (environmental) concerns. Against the backdrop of the bioeconomy transition, it remains unclear how stakeholders within affected sectors perceive the bioeconomy discourse and what specific perceptions they hold within it. This paper addresses this research gap by examining the perceptions of actors in the forest-based bioeconomy in Bavaria, Germany, using a Q-method approach. The findings reveal several areas of agreement and disagreement among stakeholders, resulting in three distinct viewpoints on the bioeconomy. For example, our results show general consensus on reducing finite resource use and recognizing wood as a viable alternative construction material. However, differences emerge when it comes to the implementation of the bioeconomy. While some stakeholders view the bioeconomy as a solution and a crucial foundation for the future, others prioritize environmental and climate protection over economically oriented solutions.