Wood flow management for supply and demand synchronization: A literature review

The wood supply chain is characterized by high complexity due to raw material heterogeneity, seasonal constraints, remote forest locations, volatile demand, and divergent production structures that yield multiple products. These challenges and uncertainties further complicate order commitments within a reasonable lead time. This literature review aims to synthesize strategies that improve wood flow management under uncertainty, with a particular focus on supply and demand alignment. Using a hybrid hermeneutic and systematic review approach, 171 peer-reviewed articles (2009–mid-2025) were analyzed across four interrelated functional areas: purchasing, harvesting, transportation, and storage. These functional areas were later grouped into two strategic domains: forest-based and logistical-based strategies. Building on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, the review proposes a conceptual framework that highlights the dynamic coordination between push- and pull-oriented flows, the role of floating decoupling points, and the underexplored potential of leagility in forestry operations. Key findings suggest that responsiveness and agility in the wood supply chain require adaptive planning, integrated supplier networks, flexible harvesting schedules, and strategic inventory positioning within this multi-product structure. By bridging concepts across disciplines, this review provides insights into advancing strategic wood flow management and suggests directions for developing more resilient and flexible wood supply chain configurations.