Optimal scheduling strategy and benefit allocation for load aggregator considering the contribution delineation and compensation of unidirectional load spillover effects

Integrating large-scale renewable energy into the power system requires greater flexible regulation capabilities, which necessitates the exploration of demand-side flexibility resources (DFRs) potential. As a novel business entity, the load aggregator (LA) serves as a crucial mechanism to efficiently aggregate DFRs for participation in the electricity market. However, the fairness of benefit distribution among DFR members is a key factor influencing the aggregation efficiency and economic benefits of LA. To address this, considering the diverse characteristics of DFRs, this paper proposes an LA benefit distribution method based on a “bi-level scheduling optimization-spillover effect contribution quantification and compensation-Nash bargaining game” framework. First, LA aggregation members are categorized into bidirectional load and unidirectional load (UL), and a bi-level scheduling optimization approach is employed to eliminate the impact of UL consumption strategies on bidirectional load trading strategies, while formulating the optimal dispatch strategy for LA. Then, a virtual load substitution mechanism-based method is proposed to quantify the spillover effect contribution of UL and establish a benefit compensation mechanism, ensuring fair returns for UL members. Finally, an Asymmetric nash bargaining game is introduced to achieve an effective and rational distribution of benefits among members. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling strategy and benefit distribution method accurately quantify the spillover effect contribution of UL and determines each member's bargaining power based on their actual contributions. This ensures fairness and rationality in LA benefit distribution while improving the economic benefits of both the LA as a whole and its aggregated members to a certain extent.