Transactive building-integrated microgrid energy management for mitigating uncertainties in EV charging behaviors and renewable generation

This paper proposes an optimal energy management model for a building-integrated Microgrid (BIMG) to handle the uncertainties arising from renewable energy sources and electricity demands. For this purpose, a transactive energy market is established by the microgrid operator (MGO) for electric vehicles (EVs) in a workplace parking lot. Besides, an R-C thermodynamic model of a commercial building (CB) is presented to describe the power demand of its heating ventilation air-conditioning (HVAC) system. With the proposed energy management scheme, MGO coordinates the HVAC system and EVs to not only maximum the profit of BIMG in intra-day rolling operation while ensuring the thermal comfort of occupants in the CB and satisfying charging requirements of EV owners, but also to handle the uncertainties of renewable generation and EV charging behaviors. Meanwhile, EV owners that participate in the transactive market need only set one parameter, i.e., EV emergency-use probability, without providing any further private information to MGO. Finally, the proposed energy management scheme is tested on a BIMG compromising a workplace parking lot with 450 EV charging piles, a commercial building with a 550 kW HVAC system, and an 800 kW wind power plant. Simulation results show that the developed scheme can increase the total profit of MGO by 256.8%, 34.1%, and 25.8% compared to the uncontrolled, HVAC system control-based, and EV charging control-based schemes, respectively.