Optimization and performance analysis of 100% reliable grid-connected photovoltaic–biomass hybrid systems for urban power supply

The growing need for dependable and sustainable energy in urban areas has driven the adoption of hybrid renewable energy systems to overcome intermittency and environmental challenges. In this work, an optimized grid-connected photovoltaic–biomass hybrid system is developed and evaluated to ensure a highly reliable electricity supply for urban environments. The system is modeled and optimized using HOMER Pro, incorporating real load data (54 MW peak), solar resource data, and biomass availability based on wheat straw, while PV system performance is further evaluated using PVsyst in accordance with IEC standards. The optimized configuration consists of a 56.075 MW PV system, a 30.87 MW biomass plant supported by seven generators (each 4.4 MW), and 23 MW grid backup, ensuring effective load balancing and continuous operation. The results demonstrate that the system achieves a low cost of energy of $0.08710/kWh, an internal rate of return of 10.5%, and a payback period of 7.73 years, while delivering substantial environmental benefits with a total CO2 emission reduction of 251,660.61 t/year. The hybrid system ensures uninterrupted power supply through coordinated resource management and strategic grid support, effectively achieving the target of 100% reliability. This study provides a scalable and practical framework for designing reliable and sustainable hybrid energy systems, offering valuable insights for researchers and policymakers worldwide in advancing clean energy transition.