Optimization of electrified turbocharging: Bridging the energy-drivability trade-off

The hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2-ICE) is a key technology for decarbonizing heavy-duty transport. However, its transient performance is severely constrained by the enthalpy deficit of ultra-lean exhaust gas and the stringent air control requirement to prevent abnormal combustion and NOx spikes. This study proposes a synergistic optimization framework for the transient response and electrical energy consumption of electrified turbocharging systems, addressing the limitations of traditional computationally expensive 1D simulations. A physics-based explicit thermodynamic model is extended by integrating active electromechanical coupling and hydrogen-specific boundary conditions, reducing computational time by several orders of magnitude while maintaining a relative error of less than 3.5% compared to 1D simulations. Through the rigorous root-finding algorithms, the iso-λ boundaries across the continuous parameter space are extracted, revealing the energy-drivability Pareto front. A universal power-law relationship (Ereq∝tramp−β) is discovered. Regardless of the initial load condition, the exponential factor β consistently converges to approximately 1.5, mathematically proving that halving the transient response time inherently results in a 2.83-fold power-low increase in required motor energy. These findings provide a theoretical basis and a computationally efficient tool for designing real-time, energy-efficient control strategies for next-generation zero-carbon powertrains.