Energy and monetary coordination in V2G systems: An E-P strategy and cost optimization model for stakeholder incentives

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is a technology that utilize the mobile energy storage capacity of electric vehicles (EVs), and can stabilize grid fluctuations and achieve peak-valley regulation. Current user participation strategies usually rely on peak-valley electricity pricing, causing severe losses in the power grid. As the load increases, these losses increase, seriously hindering the sustainable development of V2G. To balance the interests of all parties and increase system benefits, this study proposes an Economic-Power collaborative optimization strategy (E-P strategy). It utilizes electric power that has dual attributes of energy and currency, as a medium of exchange, establishing a cooperation mechanism between the power grid and the EV users. Concurrently, the power grid shares electricity consumption data with generation companies, which can help reduce resource waste. This study examined the E-P strategy applied between the EV users and the power grid and its influence on power plant cost optimization. The results show that after applying the E-P strategy, the maximum loss of the power grid company can be reduced by up to 91.9%. Meanwhile, power plant cost optimization reduces the total investment cost by 9.3%, decreases the difference between peak and base generation costs by 39%, and reduces carbon emissions by 6.25%. The synergistic effect of applying the E-P strategy with power plant optimization ultimately increased the net profit of the V2G peak-shaving system by 15.4%. This strategy can effectively improve the economic efficiency and sustainability of the system, providing a strong support for the long-term healthy development of V2G.