Floating co-located wind-wave farm: response suppression, energy-capture enhancement, and co-located strategies

This study proposes a floating wind-wave co-located system designed to enhance synergy in hybrid renewable energy development by reducing costs, smoothing power output, and improving operational efficiency. A fully coupled solving framework and near-field model were developed to accurately characterize the interactions among the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), wave energy converter (WEC) arrays, and the perturbed wave field. A parametric analysis was conducted on the co-located system regarding layout strategies, inter-device spacing, and unit numbers. Statistical, spectral, and quantitative comparative studies were performed to evaluate the impact of co-located development on system dynamic response, energy absorption, and wave-field perturbation. The results indicate that the advantages brought by wind-wave co-located development are two-fold. First, cooperative layouts significantly suppress the surge, heave, and pitch responses of the FOWT, with standard deviations reduced by up to 14%–19%. Second, the wave-field redistribution improves the energy capture efficiency of the array, yielding up to 8.7% increase in individual unit performance and a 2.7% enhancement in the overall q-factor. Additionally, the linear layout outperformed other configurations in most scenarios, particularly under long-wavelength conditions, by effectively boosting wave energy capture. The findings provide practical guidance and feasible strategies for floating wind-wave co-located system design.