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District heating in Lomża – How a polish city responded to EU energy measures towards decarbonisation of economy

Author

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  • Dzierzgowski, Mieczysław
  • Cenian, Adam

Abstract

This paper deals with important issues of district heating (DH) decarbonisation and related DH efficiency. It demonstrates that assessment of several hundred thermo-modernized buildings in Poland shows only marginal increase in energy efficiency. The experimental research proves that often this is caused by a lack of central heating grid adjustment and its oversizing. Here we propose a new methodology/roadmap which focusses on substation modernization and regulation, followed by implementation of low carbon heat sources (including waste heat) and implementation of digital measures (monitoring and modelling). The DH system (DHS) in Łomża (representing typical East European DHS) was used as a case study. This large scale experiment performed on the entire DH system in Lomża and its results are reported and analysed in this paper. It was found e.g. that implemented methodology allowed a decrease in supply temperature (from 121 to 96 °C) in the whole system, leading to lower heat losses, in turn reducing coal demand and CO2 emissions (up to 30 %), and increase of heat transfer efficiency in buildings, grid hydraulic stability and improvement in working condition of mixing systems in the CHP and Heat Plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Dzierzgowski, Mieczysław & Cenian, Adam, 2026. "District heating in Lomża – How a polish city responded to EU energy measures towards decarbonisation of economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:356:y:2026:i:c:s0360544225038848
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138242
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