Hydrodynamic performance and layout analysis of a novel wind-wave hybrid system with composite bucket foundation and oscillating buoy microarray

To address the intermittency of single renewable energy sources, this study proposes a wind–wave hybrid system combining a composite bucket foundation with an oscillating buoy microarray (CBF–microarray). A three-dimensional numerical wave tank was established using the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model and validated experimentally. This model was employed to investigate the hydrodynamic and energy output characteristics of different microarray layouts. The results show that microarray layout is a key parameter governing both energy synergy and structural safety. The buoy microarray provides effective shielding for the CBF, reducing the maximum wave run-up and pressure by up to 35.89%. However, wave interference among buoys can amplify local hydrodynamic responses. Clustered and symmetric layouts promote constructive superposition of diffracted and reflected waves between the CBF and buoys. This interaction induces a wave-locking effect, which prolongs wave energy residence time and enhances energy capture. Under optimal conditions, the maximum interaction factor reaches 3.434, and the total capture width ratio approaches 5.0. In contrast, configurations with strong energy concentration may trigger near-trapping wave phenomena. These conditions intensify local wave run-up and pressure and pose potential risks to structural safety. Among all configurations, the symmetric layout regulates diffraction and reflection interference between the CBF and buoys in a coordinated manner. It maintains high energy gain while suppressing excessive local hydrodynamic responses. This layout achieves an optimal balance between energy utilization efficiency and structural safety. The present findings provide a reference for the design and application of microarray layouts in wind–wave hybrid systems.