Non-smooth PI controller for voltage regulation of auxiliary power units in electric vehicles with matched and mismatched disturbances

This paper introduces a new design approach that employs a non-smooth PI controller for regulating the voltages of auxiliary power units in electric vehicles. The popular single-input triple-output converter has been utilized for supplying low voltages to auxiliary power units. This topology facilitates enhanced power distribution and efficiency in electric vehicles. The traditional closed-loop control methods for voltage regulation fail to account for both matched and mismatched disturbances. In contrast, the proposed non-smooth PI controller is designed to overcome the shortcomings of these conventional approaches. The suggested method self-estimates mismatched disturbances without a non-linear observer, which reduces complexity and cost. Furthermore, this work employs H∞ based PI controller gains to tackle transient performance challenges arising from sudden load variations and intermittent supply failures. Simulation and validation of results are performed utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and OPAL-RT (OP5700). The effectiveness of the suggested methodology is demonstrated by the comparison of transient and error metrics between the existing controllers and the suggested non-smooth PI controller, which produces the better outcomes most appropriate for auxiliary power units in electric vehicles.