Stationary versus solar tracked PV systems – which one has lower impact on biodiversity?

The aim of the present study was to analyze and assess the impact of two types of photovoltaic constructions (stationary fixed and solar tracked PV panels, respectively) on some environmental properties and the biodiversity. We found that the light intensity was significantly affected by both types of PV systems when comparing to the control, especially during the spring and summer, as well as both air and soil temperature, soil humidity and pH. The number of invertebrates, as well as the number of taxa, were found to be significantly higher in the control area in the period May-September, but during the colder months it was higher below the PV panels. When comparing the two types of constructions, the stationary panels have more pronounced negative effect on invertebrate fauna than the rotating ones during the whole period. The energy engineering analysis included a simulation of the energy production and a quantitative assessment of the impact of the engineering aspects of two studied PV systems on environmental parameters and biodiversity. The results showed that the specific area affected by solar tracked PV system is about three times larger than those of the stationary ones. By effectively integrating biodiversity into energy system planning, we can help ensure effective mitigation of these impacts and particularly positive biodiversity outcomes in renewable energy projects.