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Effects of ambient wind speed and fire source location on the flame spread over electrical energy wire in a long tunnel

Author

Listed:
  • Huang, Xinjie
  • Ding, Hailong
  • Yin, Zhipeng
  • Zhao, Yuexin
  • Sheng, Dong

Abstract

Compared to open spaces, fires in confined spaces such as long tunnels are usually influenced by significant heat accumulation, large smoke generation and low burning efficiency. This paper investigates the flame spread and heat transfer over electrical wire under different wind speeds (V = 0,1.5,2.5 and 3.5 m/s) and fire source locations along diagonals of the tunnel(θ = 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75°), respectively. The results show that the flame width and flame spread rate increase and then decrease with the wind speed. As the lower wind speed promotes the airflow and fuel mixing, while the higher wind speed enhances the cooling effect and inhibits the mixing. The closer the flame is to the sidewall or ceiling wall, the larger the heat feedback is, making the flame height higher.According to the heat flux feedback of flame, copper core, sidewall and ceiling wall at different space locations of Ds and Hc, the five regions are divided. Finally, a heat transfer model is established, which can accurately predict the flame spread rate. Meanwhile, the dimensional flame height and dimensional flame spread rate are proposed, with the terms of Hf*, Dc*, Q˙* and Vf*, which agree well with the experimental values.

Suggested Citation

  • Huang, Xinjie & Ding, Hailong & Yin, Zhipeng & Zhao, Yuexin & Sheng, Dong, 2025. "Effects of ambient wind speed and fire source location on the flame spread over electrical energy wire in a long tunnel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:337:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225042161
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138574
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huang, Xinjie & Ding, Hailong & Yin, Zhipeng & Zhao, Yuexin & Wang, Miaomiao & Wang, Changlong, 2025. "Effects of side-confined distance and wire spacing on the flame spread and merging characteristics over two energy wires," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    2. Xu, Desheng & Li, Yanfeng & Li, Junmei & Zhong, Hua & Li, Jiaxin & Huang, Youbo, 2025. "Combustion characteristics and flame morphological evolution of double-layer cable fires in urban utility tunnels with various laying spacings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    3. Ma, Yuxuan & Sun, Xiepeng & Guo, Zhengda & Gu, Yan & Fujita, Osamu & Hu, Longhua, 2025. "Flame extinction over electrical wires under transverse flow: Critical damkohler number analysis incorporating solid-phase heat conduction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
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    1. Huang, Xinjie & Ding, Hailong & Yin, Zhipeng & Zhao, Yuexin & Wang, Miaomiao & Wang, Changlong, 2025. "Effects of side-confined distance and wire spacing on the flame spread and merging characteristics over two energy wires," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
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