Integrated optimization of hybrid energy systems for efficient energy generation, carbon capture, and freshwater management

This paper introduces an integrated optimization approach for managing electricity generation, gas production, and freshwater supply in hybrid energy systems, with a focus on minimizing diesel consumption, micro-hydro operation costs, electricity procurement, and optimizing freshwater surplus management and carbon capture efficiency. The system dynamics are modeled using advanced formulations for hydrogen and freshwater storage, accounting for efficiency losses and storage behaviors. Hydrogen production is linked with CO2 capture through the Sabatier reaction, creating a direct relationship between captured carbon and hydrogen supply for methanation. The model addresses uncertainties in renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, using stochastic modeling. Wind turbine generation depends on varying wind speeds, while photovoltaic systems are influenced by fluctuations in solar irradiance and temperature. Diesel engine fuel consumption is modeled using piecewise polynomial approximations for accuracy. Additionally, the approach incorporates dynamic water management for micro-hydro plants, considering variations in reservoir volume and hydraulic head to ensure optimal power production without operational fluctuations. The optimization framework enhances the overall efficiency of hybrid energy systems by integrating renewable energy sources, hydrogen production, carbon capture, and freshwater management. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing operational costs and improving sustainability in energy systems.