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Surface-modified WO2.9/oil nanofluid with self-forming Si-O-Si encapsulation for ultra-stable spectral splitting in solar PV/T systems

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  • Diao, Kelong
  • Dong, Tianheng
  • Yang, Moucun
  • Lu, Jingui
  • Zhu, Yuezhao

Abstract

To address the critical challenge of long-term performance degradation of nanofluid in solar PV/T systems, this study innovatively applied modified WO2.9/oil nanofluid with good PT conversion efficiency and suitable spectral absorption characteristics as SBS in spectrally selective PV/T systems to enhance overall system efficiency. The stability in actual applications was verified through a 9-day cyclic irradiation test, which far exceeds traditional short-term evaluations. The results show exceptional stability, with overall efficiency fluctuations below 0.32% and a record daily average MF value of 1.6938. Multimodal characterization reveals a self-protection mechanism: cyclic irradiation may induce the self-condensation products of encapsulated nanoparticles to transform into a more stable Si-O-Si network, which preserves optical properties and thermal conductivity. By optimizing nanofluid concentration (400 ppm) and confirming flow-rate independence, this work provides the first experimental validation of durable nanofluid-based PV/T operation, enabling stable co-generation of electricity (11.2%) and heat (51.4%) for practical applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Diao, Kelong & Dong, Tianheng & Yang, Moucun & Lu, Jingui & Zhu, Yuezhao, 2025. "Surface-modified WO2.9/oil nanofluid with self-forming Si-O-Si encapsulation for ultra-stable spectral splitting in solar PV/T systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:336:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225039611
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138319
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